Determinants of breast cancer screening mammography uptake: Results from Jordan population and family health survey

Background: Screening for breast cancer utilizing mammography is associated with reduced advanced cancer diagnosis and reduced breast cancer mortality. We aimed to assess the lifetime history of breast cancer screening utilization for Jordanian women aged 40 and 49 years and determinants of this utilization. Methods: This paper reports the analyzed data from the seventh cycle of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS). For this study, the analysis was confined to 4486 women aged between 40 and 49 years at the time of data collection who reported their nationality as Jordanian. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess whether any socio?demographic variables could predict greater breast cancer screening utilization. Results: Only 14% of all respondents aged 40� years reported ever having a mammogram. Results of multivariate logistic regression showed that area of residence, husband抯 level of education, younger age, and living in a wealthy status were strong predictors of lifetime history of breast cancer screening. Conclusions: This study elucidates that breast cancer screening mammography among Jordanian women has remained opportunistic and underutilized despite the efforts of national entities to promote screening and early detection of breast cancer. There is a geographic and social disparity in the utilization of mammography screening among Jordanian women.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Care of Women Experiencing Abortion in a University Hospital in Brazil / O Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no atendimento de mulheres que vivenciam o aborto em um hospital universitário no Brasil

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the care of patients with miscarriage and legal termination of pregnancy in a university hospital in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study of women admitted for abortion due to any cause at Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. J. A. Pinotti of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil, between July 2017 and September 2021. Dependent variables were abortion-related complications and legal interruption of pregnancy. Independent variables were prepandemic period (until February 2020) and pandemic period (from March 2020). The Cochran-Armitage test, Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney test, and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results Five-hundred sixty-one women were included, 376 during the prepandemic period and 185 in the pandemic period. Most patients during pandemic were single, without comorbidities, had unplanned pregnancy, and chose to initiate contraceptive method after hospital discharge. There was no significant tendency toward changes in the number of legal interruptions or complications. Complications were associated to failure of the contraceptive method (odds ratio [OR] 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-4.84), gestational age (OR 1.126; 95% CI 1.039-1.219), and preparation of the uterine cervix with misoprostol (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.01-3.96). Conclusion There were no significant differences in duration of symptoms, transportation to the hospital, or tendency of reducing the number of legal abortions and increasing complications. The patients' profile probably reflects the impact of the pandemic on family planning.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto da pandemia de coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) no atendimento de pacientes com aborto espontâneo e interrupção legal da gravidez em um hospital universitário no Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal com mulheres admitidas por aborto por qualquer causa no Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. J. A. Pinotti da Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brasil, entre julho de 2017 e setembro de 2021. As variáveis dependentes foram complicações relacionadas ao aborto e interrupção legal da gravidez. As variáveis independentes foram período pré-pandemia (até fevereiro de 2020) e período pandêmico (a partir de março de 2020). O teste de Cochran-Armitage, teste do qui-quadrado, teste de Mann-Whitney e regressão logística múltipla foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados Foram incluídas 561 mulheres, 376 no período pré-pandemia e 185 no período pandêmico. A maioria das pacientes durante a pandemia era solteira, sem comorbidades, teve gravidez não planejada e optou por iniciar método anticoncepcional após a alta hospitalar. Não houve tendência significativa para mudanças no número de interrupções legais ou complicações. As complicações foram associadas a: falha do método contraceptivo (razão de chances [RC] 2,44; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% 1,23-4,84), idade gestacional (RC 1,126; IC 95% 1,039-1,219) e preparo do colo uterino com misoprostol (RC 1,99; IC 95% 1,01-3,96). Conclusão Não houve diferenças significativas na duração dos sintomas, transporte ao hospital ou tendência de redução do número de abortos legais e aumento de complicações. O perfil das pacientes provavelmente reflete o impacto da pandemia no planejamento familiar.

Comprehensive evaluation of the epidemic warning and monitoring system for infectious disease aggregation in schools or daycare institutions with multi source data / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To comprehensively evaluate the early warning monitoring system (WMS) for infectious disease aggregation in schools or daycare institutions with multisource data, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the system, and to provide a basis for optimizing its warning function and exploring further integration of other data sources.@*Methods@#The infectious disease warning data from the Chinese infectious disease Automated alert and Response System(ARS), the Student Health Monitoring System (SHMS) in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, and WMS were collected from January 2021 to July 2023. The indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value, early warning and median timeliness were used to comprehensively evaluate the early warning monitoring system.@*Results@#The ARS was not sensitive to common infectious disease warnings in schools or daycare institutions. The median timeliness of the SHMS and the WMS was 1 day. The sensitivity of SHMS and the WMS for early warning of hand foot mouth disease, infectious diarrhea, influenza like cases, chickenpox and other infectious diseases were more than 70%, while the sensitivity for novel coronavirus infection were only 10.42% and 64.58% . The Youden index and positive predictors of the WMS were both the highest.@*Conclusion@#The WMS can timely and effectively warn schools or daycare institutions of clustered epidemics, improve the positive predictive value, but the data sources are still insufficient, and it is necessary to continuously increase the data sources in future exploration to improve the warning ability.

Current status on independent school health department in the centers for disease control and prevention across China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current status of main professional work in independent school health departments of Chinese centers for disease control and prevention, so as to provide reference and suggestions for the further development of school health work in China.@*Methods@#Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the basic work of school health, the monitoring work, the intervention action of common diseases and the development of health intervention among students in independent school health departments of centers for disease control and prevention in China.@*Results@#Among the 357 institutions that have set up independent school health departments, the implementation rates of school mental health work, safety emergency and risk avoidance health intervention were low, which were 11.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Relying on the project "national monitoring and intervention of common diseases and health influencing factors of students", the overall implementation of health monitoring in schools nationwide was successful, but the overall implementation rate of students nutritional status monitoring and "healthy parents action" were low, accounting for 44.5% and 24.4%, respectively. At the same time, there were still as many as 27.2% institutions that had not carried out the intervention action for common diseases of students which advocated in the monitoring program. The failure rate of county level institutions was higher than that of provincial level and prefecture level institutions, and the failure rate of the central and western institutions was much higher than that of the eastern institutions; the difference was statistically significant( χ 2=30.1, 41.6, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#We should increase support including policy preference, fund guarantee, technical guidance and so on for the school health work of disease control institutions at the grass roots level and in economically underdeveloped areas, so as to ensure the healthy growth of children and adolescents in all respects.

Monitoring of iodine nutrition level of children in Luohu District, Shenzhen from 2018 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the iodine nutrition status of school children aged 8-10 years in Luohu District of Shenzhen City, so as to provide basis for scientific iodine supplement for special population in the district.@*Methods@#From 2018 to 2022, edible salt and random urine samples of non boarding students aged 8-10 years Luohu District of Shenzhen were collected for iodine content detection and follow up investigation. Meanwhile, thyroid volume was measured by ultrasonography.@*Results@#From 2018 to 2022, a total of 1 000 salt samples were tested, of which the median salt iodine content was 26.2 mg/kg, the edible rate of iodized salt was 90.3%, and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt was 84.0%. The median urinary iodine of children was 201 μg/L. The proportion of iodine undernutrition in children who consumed qualified iodized salt was 11.0%, and the proportion of iodine undernutrition in children who consumed unqualified iodized salt was 35.0%. The goiter rate ranged from 1.0% to 2.5% between 2018 and 2022.@*Conclusion@#The rate of qualified iodine coverage and goiter of children aged 8-10 in the district reached the national standard for iodine deficiency disorders elimination, the median urinary iodine reached the appropriate level of iodine, and the iodine nutritional status was good. The iodine nutritional status of children who eat qualified iodized salt is better than that of children who eat unqualified iodized salt.

Surveillance of Aedes populations in Jiangsu Province in 2020 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the seasonal Aedes population fluctuation and the resistance of Aedes populations to common insecticides in Jiangsu Province in 2020, so as to provide insights into vector-borne infectious diseases control.. Methods One village was randomly sampled from each of Xinbei District of Changzhou City and Zhangjiagang County of Suzhou City in southern Jiangsu Province, Hai’an County of Nantong City and Yandu District of Yancheng City in Central Jiangsu Province, and Suining County of Xuzhou City and Sihong County of Suqian City in northern Jiangsu Province during the period between May and October, 2020. A small ponding container was sampled, and larval Aedes mosquitoes were collected using straws once each in early and late stages of each month. All larvae were bred in laboratory to adults for population identification. In addition, larval breeding were observed in all small ponding containers in and out of 30 households that were randomly sampled from six surveillance sites, and the larval mosquito density was estimated using Breteau index. Larval A. albopictus mosquitoes were sampled around Cuiyuan New Village in Jintan District of Changzhou City, and bred in laboratory to the first offspring generation, and the susceptibility of adult female mosquitoes to deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, and propoxur was tested using the filter-paper bioassay recommended by WHO. Results A total of 1 165 larval Aedes mosquitoes were captured from small ponding containers in six surveillance sites of Jiangsu Province in 2020, and all were identified as A. albopictus following eclosion. The largest number of Aedes larvae captured was found in July. A total of 1 152 households were investigated in six surveillance sites, and the mean Breteau indexes were 9.58, 13.20, 13.71, 13.20, 12.18 and 5.58 from May to October, respectively, while a high Aedes transmission risk was seen in Xinbei District of Changzhou City, with a higher Breteau index than in Suining (H = 23.667, Padjusted = 0.001) and Sihong (H = 22.500, Padjusted = 0.003) counties. The field-captured A. albopictus from Cuiyuan New Village in Jintan District of Changzhou City remained sensitive to malathion, but was resistant to propoxur, and developed high-level resistance to deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. Conclusions A. albopictus was present in southern, central and northern Jiangsu Province in 2020, and the larval density peaked in July. A. albopictus captured from Cuiyuan New Village in Jintan District of Changzhou City has developed high-level resistance to pyrethroid pesticides.

Poisoning caused by Coriaria sinica maxim among children in Guizhou Province during 2015 to 2020 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the occurrence and epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning caused by Coriaria sinica maxdim in Guizhou Province during 2015 to 2020, and to provide scientific basis for prevention of Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning.@*Methods@#A total of 176 cases of Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning were reported in Guizhou Province during 2015 to 2020, with all of the 505 affected were children and adolescents under 16 years old. No death was reported. Poisoning caused by Coriaria sinica maxim was most commonly reported in the year of 2020, with 97 reported incidents and 292 poisonings. Poisoning incidents were most freqently reported in the mature stage of Coriariasinica fruit during April to June, with 153 cases and 437 poisoning cases reported in May. The top three areas reporting Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning included Bijie, Anshun and Zunyi City, with the number of reported eventws being 57, 27, and 27, and poisoned children and adolescents of 160, 90, and 73. Most of the affected children were from rural areas. The median incubation period was 2 hours, and the primary clinical symptoms included vomiting( 93.66 %), nausea(58.02%) and abdominal pain(38.42%).@*Conclusion@#A large number of Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning incidents occur due to unsupervised access to Coriaria sinica maxim among rural children. The publicity and education of children, especially for rural left behind children, should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning.

Poisoning caused by Coriaria sinica maxim among children in Guizhou Province during 2015 to 2020 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the occurrence and epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning caused by Coriaria sinica maxdim in Guizhou Province during 2015 to 2020, and to provide scientific basis for prevention of Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning.@*Methods@#A total of 176 cases of Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning were reported in Guizhou Province during 2015 to 2020, with all of the 505 affected were children and adolescents under 16 years old. No death was reported. Poisoning caused by Coriaria sinica maxim was most commonly reported in the year of 2020, with 97 reported incidents and 292 poisonings. Poisoning incidents were most freqently reported in the mature stage of Coriariasinica fruit during April to June, with 153 cases and 437 poisoning cases reported in May. The top three areas reporting Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning included Bijie, Anshun and Zunyi City, with the number of reported eventws being 57, 27, and 27, and poisoned children and adolescents of 160, 90, and 73. Most of the affected children were from rural areas. The median incubation period was 2 hours, and the primary clinical symptoms included vomiting( 93.66 %), nausea(58.02%) and abdominal pain(38.42%).@*Conclusion@#A large number of Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning incidents occur due to unsupervised access to Coriaria sinica maxim among rural children. The publicity and education of children, especially for rural left behind children, should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of Coriaria sinica maxim poisoning.

Development of student physical fitness monitoring system in different countries across the world / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#The student physical fitness is a common concern of all countries in the world. Many countries have carried out the monitoring of student physical fitness, routinely. The current internationally representative student physical fitness monitoring systems include FitnessGram in the United States, the Passport for Life in Canada, the EuroFit test in Europe, the Labor and Defense System in Russia, the new National Statistical Survey on Physical Fitness and Motor Ability in Japan, and the National Physical Fitness Award in Singapore. After summarizing the above six monitoring systems of students physical fitness from the aspects of index system, Evaluation Standard and result application, this review pays attention to teenagers physical fitness from two dimensions of health related physical fitness and skill related physical fitness, the idea and operation of adding normal reference standard to provide individual health guidance for students can provide reference for the revision of Chinese students physical fitness monitoring system.

First report and genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in a cat (Felis catus) in Colombia

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus of zoonotic origin that can bind to ACE2 receptors on the cells of many wild and domestic mammals. Studies have shown that the virus can circulate among animals mutate, lead to animal-to-human zoonotic jump, and further onward spread between humans. Infection in pets is unusual, and there are few human-to-pet transmission reports worldwide. OBJECTIVE To describe the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a domestic animal in Córdoba, Colombian Caribbean region. METHODS A cross-sectional molecular surveillance study was carried out, oral and rectal swabs were taken from cats and dogs living with people diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 was found in a cat living with a person with COVID-19. Genome sequencing showed that the B.1.111 lineage caused the infection in the cat. The owner's sample could not be sequenced. The lineage is predominant in Colombia, and this variant is characterised by the presence of the D614D and Q57H mutation. CONCLUSION The present work is the first report of an infected cat with SARS-CoV-2 with whole-genome sequencing in Colombia. It highlights the importance of detecting SARS-CoV-2 mutations that could promote the transmissibility of this new coronavirus. There is still a significant information gap on human-to-cat-to-human infection; we encourage self-isolation measures between COVID-19 patients and companion animals. The findings of this study give a preliminary view of the current panorama of SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals in Colombia.

Measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior in national health surveys, South America / Medición de la actividad física y del sedentarismo en encuestas nacionales de salud en América del Sur / Mensuração de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em pesquisas nacionais de saúde, América do Sul

ABSTRACT Objectives. To characterize how physical activity and sedentary behavior have been measured in national health surveys in South American countries. Methods. An extensive search was made for national health surveys from all 12 South American countries through health websites, national statistical offices, and contact with researchers and policy-makers. The following eligibility criteria were used to select surveys: conducted in a South American country; used a nationally representative sample ≥ 18 years; coordinated by the public, private or mixed private-public sector; and assessed physical activity and/or sedentary behavior. Data were extracted on general information about the surveys, specific details about the physical activity and sedentary behavior assessment, and additional questions related to activity behavior. Results. In total, 36 surveys were included, two of which were multicountry surveys; all surveys assessed physical activity and 27 assessed sedentary behavior. Most surveys (23/36; 64%) were based on previously validated international questionnaires, but 13 (57%) of these deviated from the reference tools, introducing changes and adaptations. Sedentary behavior was assessed mostly through questions on screen time and/or daily sitting time in the same physical activity questionnaires. No survey used device-based measures to generate data on these behaviors. Conclusions. Differences between instruments used and modifications limit the comparability of data across countries. This highlights the importance of standardizing assessment within South America for physical activity and sedentary behavior sections in national surveys, with the broader aim of contributing to establishing a standardized strategy for the surveillance of physical activity and sedentary behavior in South America.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Describir cómo se han medido la actividad física y el sedentarismo en las encuestas nacionales de salud en los países de América del Sur. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo una extensa búsqueda de encuestas nacionales de salud de los doce países sudamericanos en sitios web de salud, oficinas nacionales de estadística y mediante el contacto con investigadores y responsables de formular políticas. Para escoger las encuestas se emplearon los siguientes criterios de selección: realizada en un país sudamericano; muestra representativa a nivel nacional de ≥ 18 años; coordinada por el sector público, el sector privado o mixto público-privado; y evaluación de la actividad física o el sedentarismo. Se extrajeron datos como información general de las encuestas, detalles específicos de la evaluación de la actividad física y el sedentarismo, y otras preguntas relacionadas con la actividad física. Resultados. En total, se incluyeron 36 encuestas, dos de las cuales se realizaron en varios países. Todas las encuestas evaluaron la actividad física; 27, el sedentarismo. La mayoría de las encuestas (23/36; 64%) se basaron en cuestionarios internacionales anteriormente validados, de los cuales 13 (57%) se desviaron de las herramientas de referencia al tener cambios y adaptaciones. El sedentarismo se evaluó principalmente en los mismos cuestionarios de actividad física mediante preguntas sobre el tiempo invertido delante de pantallas o el tiempo diario sentado. Ninguna encuesta aplicó medidas basadas en dispositivos para obtener datos sobre estos comportamientos. Conclusiones. Las diferencias entre los instrumentos empleados y las modificaciones limitan la comparabilidad de los datos en todos los países. Esto pone de relieve la importancia de estandarizar la evaluación en América del Sur de las secciones dedicadas a la actividad física y al sedentarismo en las encuestas nacionales, con el objetivo general de contribuir a la creación de una estrategia estandarizada para la vigilancia de la actividad física y el sedentarismo en América del Sur.

RESUMO Objetivos. Caracterizar como a atividade física e o comportamento sedentário têm sido medidos em pesquisas nacionais de saúde em países sul-americanos. Métodos. Foi realizada uma busca extensa de pesquisas nacionais de saúde de todos os 12 países sul-americanos em sites de saúde e órgãos nacionais de estatística, e pelo contato com pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas. Foram usados os seguintes critérios de elegibilidade para selecionar as pesquisas: conduzida em um país sul-americano; que tenha usado uma amostra nacionalmente representativa ≥ 18 anos; coordenada pelo setor público, privado ou público-privado; e que tenha avaliado a atividade física e/ou o comportamento sedentário. Os dados extraídos eram sobre informações gerais das pesquisas, detalhes específicos sobre a avaliação da atividade física e do comportamento sedentário e questões adicionais relacionadas ao comportamento na atividade. Resultados. Ao todo, 36 pesquisas foram incluídas, duas das quais foram conduzidas em vários países. Todas as pesquisas avaliaram a atividade física e 27 avaliaram o comportamento sedentário. A maioria das pesquisas (23/36; 64%) baseou-se em questionários internacionais previamente validados e 13 (57%) delas se desviaram das ferramentas de referência, introduzindo mudanças e adaptações. O comportamento sedentário foi avaliado principalmente por meio de perguntas sobre tempo de tela e/ou tempo diário sentado nos mesmos questionários sobre atividade física. Nenhuma pesquisa utilizou medições realizadas por dispositivos para gerar dados sobre esses comportamentos. Conclusões. As diferenças entre os instrumentos usados e as modificações limitam a comparabilidade dos dados entre os países, o que destaca a importância de padronizar a avaliação na América do Sul para as seções de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em pesquisas nacionais, com o objetivo mais amplo de contribuir para o estabelecimento de uma estratégia padronizada para a vigilância da atividade física e do comportamento sedentário na América do Sul.

Factors Associated with Abortion Complications after the Implementation of a Surveillance Network (MUSA Network) in a University Hospital / Fatores associados a complicações do aborto após a implementação de um sistema de vigilância (Rede MUSA) em um hospital universitário

Abstract Objective To evaluate the factors associated with abortion complications following the implementation of the good-practice surveillance network Mujeres en Situación de Aborto (Women Undergoing Abortion, MUSA, in Spanish). Methods A cross-sectional study withwomen who underwent abortion due to any cause and in any age group at UNICAMP Women's Hospital (part of MUSA network), Campinas, Brazil, between July 2017 and Agust 2019. The dependent variable was the presence of any abortion-related complications during hospitalization. The independent variables were clinical and sociodemographic data. The Chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney test, and multiple logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis. Results Overall, 305 women were enrolled (mean±standard deviation [SD] for age: 29.79±7.54 years). The mean gestational age was 11.17 (±3.63) weeks. Accidental pregnancy occurred in 196 (64.5%) cases, 91 (29.8%) due to contraception failure. At least 1 complication was observed in 23 (7.54%) women, and 8 (34.8%) of them had more than 1. The most frequent complications were excessive bleeding and infection. The factors independently associated with a higher prevalence of complications were higher gestational ages (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.09 to 1.37) and contraceptive failure (OR: 3.4; 95%CI: 1.32 to 8.71). Conclusion Higher gestational age and contraceptive failure were associated with a higher prevalence of complications. This information obtained through the surveillance network can be used to improve care, particularly in women more susceptible to unfavorable outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados às complicações em casos de aborto após a implementação da rede de vigilância de boas práticas Mujeres en Situación de Aborto (Mulheres em Situação de Aborto, MUSA, em espanhol). Métodos Um estudo transversal, com mulheres admitidas por aborto de qualquer causa e em qualquer faixa etária, no Hospital da Mulher da UNICAMP (parte da rede MUSA), Campinas, Brasil, entre julho de 2017 e agosto de 2019. A variável dependente foi a presença de qualquer complicação relacionada ao quadro de aborto durante a hospitalização. As variáveis independentes foram dados clínicos e sociodemográficos. O teste de qui-quadrado, o teste de Mann-Whitney, e a regressão logística múltipla foram usados na análise estatística. Resultados Foram incluídas 305 mulheres (média±desvio padrão [DP] da idade: 29,79±7,54 anos). A idade gestacional média foi de 11,17 (±3,63) semanas. A gravidez não foi planejada em 196 (64,5%) casos, 91 (29,8%) devido a falha de contraceptivo. Pelo menos 1 complicação foi observada em 23 (7,64%) mulheres, 8 (34,8%) das quais apresentaram mais de uma complicação. As complicações mais frequentes foram sangramento excessivo e infecção. Os fatores independentemente associados à maior prevalência de complicações foram idades gestacionais maiores (razão de chances [OR]: 1.22; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1.09 a 1.37) e falha de contraceptivo (OR: 3.4; IC95%: 1.32 a 8.71). Conclusão Maior idade gestacional e falha de contraceptivo estiveram associados à maior prevalência de complicações. As informações obtidas pela rede de vigilância podem ser usadas para melhorar o cuidado, particularmente nas mulheres mais suscetíveis a desfechos desfavoráveis.

Google Trends correlation and sensitivity for outbreaks of dengue and yellow fever in the state of São Paulo / Correlação e sensibilidade do Google Trends para surtos de dengue e febre amarela no estado de São Paulo

ABSTRACT Objective To assess Google Trends accuracy for epidemiological surveillance of dengue and yellow fever, and to compare the incidence of these diseases with the popularity of its terms in the state of São Paulo. Methods Retrospective cohort. Google Trends survey results were compared to the actual incidence of diseases, obtained from Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Prof. Alexandre Vranjac", in São Paulo, Brazil, in periods between 2017 and 2019. The correlation was calculated by Pearson's coefficient and cross-correlation function. The accuracy was analyzed by sensitivity and specificity values. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between the variables studied for both diseases, Pearson coefficient of 0.91 for dengue and 0.86 for yellow fever. Correlation with up to 4 weeks of anticipation for time series was identified. Sensitivity was 87% and 90%, and specificity 69% and 78% for dengue and yellow fever, respectively. Conclusion The incidence of dengue and yellow fever in the State of São Paulo showed a strong correlation with the popularity of its terms measured by Google Trends in weekly periods. Google Trends tool provided early warning, with high sensitivity, for the detection of outbreaks of these diseases.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a acurácia do Google Trends para vigilância epidemiológica de dengue e febre amarela e comparar a incidência dessas doenças com a popularidade de seus termos no estado de São Paulo. Métodos Coorte retrospectiva. Os resultados da pesquisa Google Trends foram comparados com a incidência real de doenças, obtida do Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Prof. Alexandre Vranjac", do estado de São Paulo, nos períodos entre 2017 e 2019. A correlação foi calculada pelo coeficiente de Pearson e pela função de correlação cruzada. A acurácia foi analisada por valores de sensibilidade e especificidade. Resultados Houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis estudadas para ambas as doenças, com coeficiente de Pearson de 0,91 para dengue e 0,86 para febre amarela. Foi identificada correlação com até 4 semanas de antecipação para séries temporais. A sensibilidade foi de 87% e 90% e a especificidade de 69% e 78% para dengue e febre amarela, respectivamente. Conclusão A incidência de dengue e febre amarela no estado de São Paulo apresentou forte correlação com a popularidade de seus termos medidos pelo Google Trends em períodos semanais. A ferramenta Google Trends forneceu alerta precoce, com alta sensibilidade, para a detecção de surtos dessas doenças.

Surveillance of Culex mosquitoes in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2019 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and density of Culex mosquito populations and the resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to insecticides in Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019. Methods During the period from June to October in 2018 and 2019, six counties (districts, cities) were sampled in southern, northern and central Jiangsu Province as surveillance sites. The density of Culex mosquitoes was measured overnight using the light trapping technique. In addition, Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes were collected from Hai’an of Nantong City and Yandu District of Yancheng City, central Jiangsu Province, and the sensitivity of female first filial generations to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), malation, proposur, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin was tested using the standard WHO insecticide susceptibility test assay. Results A total of 104 423 Culex mosquitoes were captured in six surveillance sites of Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019, and Culex quinquefasciatus (49.11%), Culex pipiens pallens (28.38%), and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (21.04%) were predominant species. The density of Culex mosquitoes started to increase since early June, peaked in July and tended to be low in late October. Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes captured from Hai’an was susceptible to malation, while those from Yandu District were moderately resistant to malation. Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes from both Yandu and Hai’an were moderately resistant to proposur, and were resistant to DDT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Conclusions Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus are predominant Culex species in Jiangsu Province. Culex pipiens pallens is resistant to DT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin in central Jiangsu Province.

Investigation on influenza surveillance, disease burden among school students in Jinan City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To monitor and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in schools and understand the disease burden of students, and to provide a scientific reference for instructing the prevention of influenza in schools.@*Methods@#A school influenza surveillance sentinel to conduct influenza like case (ILI) surveillance and outbreak surveillance. Through network, we understood the burden of flu disease among students. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze influenza like case surveillance and questionnaire survey data.@*Results@#Surveillance confirmed that from the 42th week of 2019 to the 1st week of 2020, the cumulative reported ILI of 3 school influenza surveillance sites in Jinan accounted for 7.91% (ILI%) of the total number of surveillance personnel during the same period, with the highest ILI% (24.19%) of kindergarten children, ILI% gradually decreased with the increase of grade, and teachers were the lowest. The reporting of ILI was concentrated in the 49th to 52nd week of 2019, during which the reported influenza like cases accounted for 84.81% of the total number of ILI reported during the surveillance period. Two influenza outbreaks were monitored. The pathogens were H3N2 and B (Victoria). The epidemics mainly occurred in the lower grades of elementary school. A survey of 2 297 students found that 577 people had fever and respiratory symptoms since October 2019. Among them, 85.26% of them went to the hospital, 32.75% of those who used anti influenza drugs such as oseltamivir, and 64.81% of those who used antibiotics. 42.63% received infusion therapy, 3.99% were hospitalized, and the average cost of inpatients was 6 686 yuan. The sick students were absent from school for an average of 3.77 days, and the parents of the sick children missed work for an average of 4.26 days.@*Conclusion@#Surveillance of influenza like cases in schools is an important way to proactively discover influenza epidemic trends and outbreaks, and to accurately grasp the characteristics of influenza epidemics in schools. The key populations affected by influenza are kindergarten children and lower grades of primary school students. Suffering from influenza has caused a heavy disease burden on students and children in kindergartens, and is also an important factor that causes student absenteeism and parents to miss work.

Role of school based symptom monitoring system in public health emergencies in Hangzhou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the role of school based symptom monitoring system in public health emergencies in Hangzhou, to provide the basis for prevention and control strategies for public health emergencies in schools.@*Methods@#Data regarding school public health emergencies in Hangzhou in 2019 were collected from the Public Health Emergencies Report Management Information System, and data regarding public health early warning in schools were collected from the Hangzhou School Symptom Monitoring System. The usage of school symptom monitoring system was analyzed by SAS 9.0 software, and the positive warning events and public health emergencies were compared and analyzed, the rate and composition ratio were compared with the χ 2 test, the number of cases was compared with the non parameter rank and the Mann Whitney test, and the trend test was conducted using Cochran Armitage test.@*Results@#In 2019, the average use rate of the city s school symptom monitoring system was 54.65%, the average response rate of automatic early warning was 70.68%, and the use rate (χ 2=860.79, p<0.01) and automatic early warning response rate (χ 2=1 615.91，P<0.01) of school systems varied greatly by region. In 2019, 161 positive early warning incidents were detected through the school symptom monitoring system, 197 public health emergencies were reported through the emergency network, and fewer public health emergencies were reported in areas where more positive warning events were detected(Z=10.65，P<0.01). The proportion of disease category in positive warning events was different from that in public health emergencies in(χ 2=28.33, P<0.01). The number of cases of positive early warning events of the same disease was much lower than the number of cases of public health emergencies without warning, and the time of positive warning signals was on average 4 days ahead of the time of receiving the report of public health emergencies.@*Conclusion@#Smartphone based school symptom monitoring system in Hangzhou plays a sentinel role in public health emergencies prevention and control in schools.

Experiencias de la pesquisa activa estudiantil. Policlínico docente Fabio D´Celmo. Caonao. Cienfuegos / Experiences of student active research. Fabio D´Celmo Teaching Polyclinic. Caonao. Cienfuegos

RESUMEN Fundamento: ante la COVID 19, la pesquisa activa estudiantil en la Atención Primaria de Salud cobra vital importancia para la detección precoz de posibles pacientes infectados. Objetivo: describir las experiencias de la pesquisa activa estudiantil desarrollada en el Policlínico Fabio D´Celmo, de Cienfuegos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado entre el 19 de marzo y el 20 de mayo de 2020, en un universo de 18 369 habitantes y 83 personas que participaron en la pesquisa. Los datos se obtuvieron de los informes diarios sobre la actividad, entregados al Puesto de Dirección del Área de Salud. Resultados: se describe la forma en que se organizó la pesquisa en el área. Fueron visitadas 66 493 viviendas y pesquisadas 161 772 personas. Se detectaron 854 pacientes con sintomatología respiratoria (0,52 %). En el Consultorio Médico Nro. 15, del Consejo Popular Guaos, una paciente resultó positiva al virus SARS-CoV-2, único caso positivo de COVID 19 en esta área de salud; los estudiantes contribuyeron a su detección y a la pesquisa de los 39 casos sospechosos que generó este foco. Se visitaron 25 983 personas mayores de 60 años, de ellas, 7734 ancianos que viven solos. No se ha reportado la COVID-19 entre los estudiantes. Conclusiones: el trabajo de pesquisa activa desarrollado fue positivo y contribuyó a detectar personas con sintomatología respiratoria, dentro de ellas un caso positivo a la COVID 19, sin que se afectara la salud de los pesquisadores, pues se siguieron las normas de bioseguridad.

ABSTRACT Background: in the face of COVID 19, the active investigation of students in Primary Health Care is of vital importance for the early detection of possible infected patients. Objective: to describe the experiences of the active student research carried out at the Fabio D´Celmo Polyclinic, in Cienfuegos. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out between March 19 and May 20, 2020, in a universe of 18,369 inhabitants and 83 people who participated in the research. The data were obtained from the daily reports on the activity, delivered to the Health Area Management Post. Results: the way in which the research was organized in the area is described; 66 493 homes were visited and 161 772 people were searched. 854 patients with respiratory symptoms (0.52%) were detected. In the Medical Office No. 15, of the Popular Council Guaos, a patient tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the only positive case of COVID 19 in this health area. The students contributed to its detection and to the investigation of the 39 suspected cases generated by this outbreak; 25,983 people over 60 years of age were visited, of them 7,734 elderly living alone. COVID-19 has not been reported among students. Conclusions: the active research work carried out was positive and contributed to detect people with respiratory symptoms, among them a positive case for COVID 19, without affecting the health of the researchers, since the biosafety regulations were followed.

Análise descritiva do comportamento de adultos na participação de atividade física na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / Descriptive analysis of behavior of adults in the participation of physical activity in Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil / Análisis descriptivo de comportamiento de adultos en la participación en actividad física en la ciudad de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo é fornecer informações sociodemográficas e de características individuais de adultos, relacionados à participação de atividade física (AF) da população residente na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, na expectativa de gerar informações que auxiliem a elaboração de políticas públicas direcionadas à promoção da saúde da população soteropolitana. Foram analisados dados de 2.030 adultos (≥ 18 anos de idade) de ambos os sexos, participantes do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) de 2018. Os homens estavam fisicamente mais ativos do que as mulheres no lazer e no trabalho, enquanto as mulheres estavam mais ativas nas atividades domiciliares. Ser solteiro e/ou divorciado e ter maior escolaridade parece favorecer a participação em AF. Entre os cinco tipos AF recreativa mais praticados, a caminhada foi a atividade mais prevalente em ambos os sexos, com 24,7% e 21,3% da população feminina e masculina, respectivamente, seguida de musculação (7,2%), ginástica geral (5,0%), futebol/futsal (4,0%) e corrida (3,0%). A participação de musculação, futebol/futsal e corrida foi mais frequente na parcela masculina da população, enquanto a participação de ginástica geral foi alavancada pela atuação feminina. A persistência dos estereótipos de gênero pode explicar, em partes, a diversidade e a prevalência em certas modalidades de AF entre homens e mulheres. A continuidade e a periodicidade do monitoramento da AF pelo Vigitel permitirão o acompanhamento das tendências comportamentais da população de Salvador em relação à participação de AF, enquanto estudos futuros, com metodologias apropriadas, poderão explicar as diferenças dos padrões de AF entre os sexos.

This study seeks to provide demographic and personal behavior information about the participation in physical activity (PA) in the municipality of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil population, hoping to expand directed support to that population's health using PA promotion. Data from 2,030 adults (≥ 18 years old) of both sexes that participate in the Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Disease Surveillance System by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) in the year 2018 were analyzed, including sociodemographic and individual behavior variables related to participation in PA. Men were more physically active than women at leisure and at work, and women were more active than men at home (house cleaning). Being single and/or divorced and having a high level of education seems to favor the practice of PA. Among the five most practiced PA modalities, walking was preferred by 23.5% of the population, followed by weight training (7.2%), general gymnastics (5.0%), soccer/futsal (4.0%) and running (3.0%). Walking was the most practiced by both sexes, with a prevalence of 24.7% and 21.3% in the female and male population, respectively. The practice of weight training, soccer/futsal and running was more frequent in the male segment, whereas general gymnastics was leveraged by female participation. The persistence of gender stereotypes could explain, in part, the diversity and prevalence in certain modalities between men and women. The continuity and periodicity of PA monitoring by Vigitel will allow the monitoring of the behavioral trends of the population of Salvador regarding the participation in PA, and future studies with appropriate methodologies may explain the differences in PA patterns between genders.

El objetivo de este estudio es brindar información sociodemográfica y características individuales de los adultos, relacionadas con la participación en actividad física (AF) de la población residente en la ciudad de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil), para generar datos que servirán en la elaboración de políticas públicas orientadas a promover la salud de la población de Salvador. Se analizaron datos de 2.030 adultos (≥ 18 años de edad) de ambos sexos, participantes del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas por Encuesta Telefónica (Vigitel) de 2018. Los varones eran físicamente más activos que las mujeres en el tiempo libre y en el trabajo, mientras que las mujeres eran más activas en las actividades del hogar. Ser soltero y/o divorciado y tener estudios superiores parece favorecer la participación en AF. Entre los cinco tipos de AF recreativa más practicada, caminar fue la más prevalente para ambos sexos, con un 24,7% y un 21,3% en la población femenina y masculina, respectivamente, seguido del entrenamiento con pesas (7,2%), gimnasia general (5,0%), fútbol/futsal (4,0%) y carreras (3,0%). El entrenamiento con pesas, el fútbol/futsal y la carrera fueron las más frecuentes entre los varones, mientras que la gimnasia general fue más practicada por las mujeres. La persistencia de estereotipos de género podría explicar, en parte, la diversidad y prevalencia de ciertos tipos de AF entre varones y mujeres. La continuidad y la periodicidad del seguimiento de AF por Vigitel permitirán monitorear las tendencias de comportamiento de la población de Salvador en relación a la participación en AF, y estudios futuros con metodologías adecuadas pueden explicar las diferencias en los patrones de AF entre géneros.

Perfil de personalidad en pacientes con trasplante renal: el modelo alternativo de los cinco factores / Personality profile of kidney transplant patients: the alternative five factor model

Resumen Introducción: la investigación sobre rasgos de personalidad en pacientes con trasplante renal es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil de personalidad de pacientes con trasplante renal, utilizando el modelo alternativo de cinco factores (AFFM), y compararlo con población estándar española. Material y métodos: la personalidad fue evaluada mediante el Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). Una muestra de 207 pacientes con trasplante renal se emparejó por edad y género con 207controles de la población estándar. El análisis de regresión logística permitió estudiar la aportación de cada dimensión del ZKPQ al perfil distintivo de los pacientes trasplantados. Resultados: aparecieron diferencias significativas en las dimensiones de Neuroticismo-Ansiedad (p=.001), Agresión-Hostilidad (p=.009) y Actividad (p=.001), con puntuaciones bajas en pacientes trasplantados en comparación con la población estándar. La sociabilidad (p=.024) fue significativamente mayor en pacientes trasplantados. En el análisis de regresión, las bajas puntuaciones en Neuroticismo-Ansiedad (p=.005) y Actividad (p=.001) fueron predictores significativos para caracterizar los rasgos de personalidad de pacientes trasplantados. Conclusiones: desde el AFFM, los pacientes con trasplante renal muestran un perfil diferente de personalidad comparado con la población estándar, con bajas puntuaciones en las dimensiones de Neuroticismo-Ansiedad y Actividad.

Abstract Background: There is limited research on personality traits that characterized kidney transplant patients. The aim of this study was to describe personality profile of kidney transplant patients using the Alternative Five Factor Model (AFFM), and compared it with the Spanish standard population. Method: Personality was assessed using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ). A sample of 207 kidney transplant patients was matched by age and gender with 207 standard range controls. A logistic regression analyses was utilized to study the contribution of each ZKPQ dimension to describe the distinctive transplant patient's profile. Results: Significant differences were showed in Neuroticism-Anxiety (p=.001), Aggression-Hostility (p=.009), and Activity (p=.001) dimensions, with lower scores on transplant patients compared with standard population. But Sociability (p=.024) was significantly higher on kidney transplant patients. In logistic regression analysis low scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety (p=.005) and Activity (p=.001) were the significant predictors to characterize personality traits of kidney transplant patients. Conclusions: Kidney transplant patients had a differential profile under the AFFM compared to standard range sample, with lower scores on Neuroticism-Anxiety and Activity dimensions.

Pesquisa activa masiva poblacional para la COVID-19. Experiencia con estudiantes de las ciencias médicas. Cienfuegos, 2020 / Massive active population inquiry for COVID-19. Experience with medical science students. Cienfuegos, 2020

RESUMEN Fundamento: la pesquisa activa permite un diagnóstico precoz del estado de salud de grupos poblacionales. Objetivo: describir del proceso de pesquisa activa en población para la detección de posibles casos de la COVID-19. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, Cuba, entre el 19 de marzo y 18 de abril del 2020 por 2280 estudiantes y 142 profesores. Técnicas: observación participativa e informes diarios de actividad de pesquisa. Resultados: entre 795 y 2186 estudiantes han participado progresivamente en actividades diarias de pesquisa, lo que osciló entre el 91-92 % de los estudiantes convocados. Diariamente como promedio fueron visitadas 61 189 viviendas y pesquisados 114 491 habitantes (28,13 % del total de población); de ellos, 11 fueron positivos y 27 fueron sospechosos de la enfermedad. No se ha reportado la COVID-19 entre los estudiantes. Conclusiones: el trabajo de pesquisa activa masiva comunitaria se ha cuadruplicado en su primer mes y ha contribuido a la detección temprana de infecciones respiratorias agudas relacionadas con la COVID-19 en la provincia de Cienfuegos. El proceso de pesquisa ha sido seguro para estudiantes y profesores, quienes fueron entrenados en aspectos relacionados con la transmisión de la enfermedad y las medidas de bioseguridad.

ABSTRACT Foundation: active inquiry allows an early health status diagnosis of population groups. Objective: to describe the process of active research in the population to detect possible cases of COVID-19. , carried out by students of medical sciences. Methods: prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out at the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences, Cuba, between March 19 and April 18, 2020 by 2,280 students and 142 teachers. Techniques: participatory observation and daily reports of research activity. Results: between 795 and 2,186 students have progressively participated in daily research activities, which ranged from 91-92% of the students called. On average, 61 189 homes were visited daily and 114 491 inhabitants were surveyed (28.13% of the total population); Out of these, 11 were positive and 27 were suspected of the disease. COVID-19 has not been reported among students. Conclusion: massive community active research has quadrupled in its first month and has contributed to the early detection of acute respiratory infections related to COVID-19 in the Cienfuegos province. The research process has been safe for students and teachers, who were trained in aspects related to disease transmission and biosecurity measures.